Fundamentals of Information and Communication
Technology
Arithmetic and Logic : A
part of the computer that performs arithmetic operations, Unit (ALU) Logic
operations, and related operations.
Assembly Language : A
computer oriented language whose instructions are usually in one-to-one
correspondence with computer instructions and that may provide machine language
output
in terms of ‘0’ and ‘1’.
Associative Memory : A
memory whose storage locations are identified by their contents, or by a part
of their contents, rather than by their names or positions.
Cache Memory : A special
buffer storage, smaller and faster than main storage, that is used to hold a
copy of instructions and data in main storage that are likely to be needed next
by the
processor and that have been obtained automatically from main
storage.
CD ROM : Compact Disk Read
Only Memory. A non-erasable disk used for storing computer data. The standard
system uses 12-cm disks and can hold more than 500 Mbytes.
Instruction Set : A complete
set of the operators of the instructions of a computer together with the
description of the types of meanings that can be attributed to their operands.
Synonymous with machine instruction.
Input Devices : A device by
which data can be entered into a computer system.
Output Devices : A device
used for transferring data from internal storage of a computer to an external
device or user.
Input-Output (I/O) :
Pertaining to either input or output, or both. Refers to the movement of data
between a computer and a directly attached peripheral.
Information Technology : The
acquisition, processing, storage and dissemination of vocal, pictorial, textual
and numerical information by a micro-electronics based combination of computing
and telecommunication.
Storage Device : In
computing, a unit into which data can be entered, retained and later retrieved.
Buttons : A button is a kind
of icon which is stimulated on-screen and is activated by a mouse or other
pointing devices to execute a command.
Clicking : Clicking refers
to pointing an item on the screen and then pressing and releasing mouse button.
Desktop : Windows desktop is
the basic windows working area. As the system is started, the first thing one
can see is the desktop, the area on the screen where one works. The following
components appear immediately on the desktop.
Dialog box : A dialog box is
a box that appears on the screen and displays an option among the alternatives,
for example ‘Y’ for yes and ‘N’ for no or typing the name of a file.
Dragging : Dragging refers
to holding down the left mouse button while sliding the mouse to a new position
on the screen, and then releasing the button.
Icons : An icon is a small
picture or graphical display used to represent a command, a program or a task.
It has to be activated by a mouse or other pointing devices. In the figure, the
desktop contains different icons.
Internet Explorer : It
enables user to connect the Internet.
Microsoft Outlook : It is a
component of Internet Explorer that integrates an e-mail Express and newsgroup
services. It has the address book to store and retrieve e-mail addresses.
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